代码评审平台Gerrit安装配置方法介绍

Gerrit是一款开源免费的基于 web 的代码审查工具,是基于 Git 的版本控制系统。在代码入库之前对开发人员的提交进行审阅,检视通过的代码才能提交入库。本文记录如何安装部署gerrit平台。

Gerrit简介

Gerrit代码审查工具也是一个Git服务器,使用Git作为底层版本控制系统,当前的版本使用Java开发。

一个典型的Git项目包含一个远程中央仓库,

https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.6.2/intro-how-gerrit-works.html

Gerrit在Git中央仓库基础上引入了一个额外的概念:存储修改的暂存区,

https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.6.2/intro-how-gerrit-works.html

push的代码更改会被存储到暂存区(Pending changes),其他人评审通过后就可以将更改提交到代码库 (Authoritative Repository)。

下面介绍如何安装部署gerrit。

环境准备

本文介绍Linux中gerrit的安装配置方法,Windows安装可参考官方文档:https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/install.html

1. 安装Java

Linux服务器需要先安装好Java环境

1
2
3
4
5
$ yum -y install java-11-openjdk.x86_64
$ java -version
openjdk version "11.0.16" 2022-07-19 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (Red_Hat-11.0.16.0.8-1.el7_9) (build 11.0.16+8-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (Red_Hat-11.0.16.0.8-1.el7_9) (build 11.0.16+8-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)

2. 安装Git

安装最新版本git

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
$ git --version
git version 2.9.5
$ sudo yum -y remove git
$ sudo yum -y install https://packages.endpointdev.com/rhel/7/os/x86_64/endpoint-repo.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo yum install git
$ git --version
git version 2.39.2

3. 安装nginx

安装nginx用于反向代理。

1、下载nginx安装包nginx-1.22.1.tar.gzhttp://nginx.org/en/download.html

2、解压:

1
$ tar -xvzf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz

3、安装:

1
2
3
4
5
6
$ cd nginx-1.22.1
$ pwd
/usr/local/nginx-1.22.1
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

4、启动nginx:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
$ cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
$ ./nginx
$ ps -aux | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root 13581 0.0 0.0 20576 620 ? Ss 21:56 0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody 13583 0.0 0.0 23104 1372 ? S 21:56 0:00 nginx: worker process
$ ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

或者使用命令 systemctl start nginx.service 启动。

浏览器访问:http://192.168.30.8/

关闭nginx命令:

1
2
$ ./nginx -s stop
$ ./nginx -s quit

刷新配置文件:

1
$ ./nginx -s reload

其中配置文件路径为:/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

接下来配置nginx开机启动:

/lib/systemd/system/ 目录下创建 nginx.service 文件:

1
$ vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

输入如下内容:https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

加入开机自启动

1
2
$ systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

其它命令:

1
2
3
4
5
6
$ systemctl reload nginx.service  # 重新加载nginx配置
$ systemctl start nginx.service  # 启动nginx服务
$ systemctl stop nginx.service  # 停止nginx服务
$ systemctl restart nginx.service # 重启nginx服务
$ systemctl status nginx.service # 查看nginx服务当前状态
$ systemctl disable nginx.service # 停止开机自启动

4. 安装Apache

安装Apache用于http认证

1
$ yum install httpd

Gerrit安装配置

1. 下载

gerrit各版本下载地址:https://www.gerritcodereview.com/releases-readme.html

war包下载完成后把它发送到Linux服务器,如果服务器可以联网,也可以直接执行以下命令下载:

1
$ wget https://gerrit-releases.storage.googleapis.com/gerrit-3.7.2.war –no-check-certificate

2. 安装

执行以下命令安装Gerrit:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
$ cd ~/gerrit
$ export GERRIT_SITE=~/gerrit/gerrit_testsite
$ java -jar gerrit*.war init --batch --dev -d $GERRIT_SITE
$ java -jar gerrit*.war init -d $GERRIT_SITE
Using secure store: com.google.gerrit.server.securestore.DefaultSecureStore
[2023-04-02 09:58:38,456] [main] INFO com.google.gerrit.server.config.GerritServerConfigProvider : No /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/etc/gerrit.config; assuming defaults

*** Gerrit Code Review 3.7.2
***


*** Git Repositories
***

Location of Git repositories [git]:

*** JGit Configuration
***


*** Index
***

Type [lucene]:

*** User Authentication
***

Authentication method [openid/?]: oauth
Git/HTTP authentication [http/?]:
Enable signed push support [y/N]?

*** Review Labels
***

Install Verified label [y/N]? y

*** Email Delivery
***

SMTP server hostname [localhost]: smtp.163.com
SMTP server port [(default)]:
SMTP encryption [none/?]:
SMTP username [root]: XXXXXXXXX@163.com
XXXXXXXXX@163.com's password :
confirm password :

*** Container Process
***

Run as [root]:
Java runtime [/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-11.0.16.0.8-1.el7_9.x86_64]:
Copy gerrit-3.7.2.war to /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/bin/gerrit.war [Y/n]?
Copying gerrit-3.7.2.war to /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/bin/gerrit.war

*** SSH Daemon
***

Listen on address [*]:
Listen on port [29418]:
Generating SSH host key ... rsa... ed25519... ecdsa 256... ecdsa 384... ecdsa 521... done

*** HTTP Daemon
***

Behind reverse proxy [y/N]?
Use SSL (https://) [y/N]? y
Listen on address [*]: 127.0.0.1
Listen on port [8443]: 8081
Canonical URL [https://127.0.0.1:8081/]: http://192.168.30.8:8081
Create new self-signed SSL certificate [Y/n]?
Certificate server name [192.168.30.8:8081]:
Certificate expires in (days) [365]: 36500

*** Cache
***


*** Plugins
***

Installing plugins.
Install plugin codemirror-editor version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed codemirror-editor v3.7.2
Install plugin commit-message-length-validator version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed commit-message-length-validator v3.7.2
Install plugin delete-project version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed delete-project v3.7.2
Install plugin download-commands version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed download-commands v3.7.2
Install plugin gitiles version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed gitiles v3.7.2
Install plugin hooks version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed hooks v3.7.2
Install plugin plugin-manager version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed plugin-manager v3.7.2
Install plugin replication version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed replication v3.7.2
Install plugin reviewnotes version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed reviewnotes v3.7.2
Install plugin singleusergroup version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed singleusergroup v3.7.2
Install plugin webhooks version v3.7.2 [y/N]? y
Installed webhooks v3.7.2
Initializing plugins.

============================================================================
Welcome to the Gerrit community

Find more information on the homepage: https://www.gerritcodereview.com
Discuss Gerrit on the mailing list: https://groups.google.com/g/repo-discuss
============================================================================
Initialized /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite
$

其中 ~/gerrit 是我的gerrit安装路径,出现 Starting Gerrit Code Review: OK 表示启动成功。

gerrit配置文件路径为:/root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/etc/gerrit.config,我的gerrit.config文件内容如下:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
[gerrit]
basePath = git
canonicalWebUrl = http://192.168.30.8:8081
serverId = 737ce77e-a02f-4e6e-ab7b-daff97faf5da
[container]
javaOptions = "-Dflogger.backend_factory=com.google.common.flogger.backend.log4j.Log4jBackendFactory#getInstance"
javaOptions = "-Dflogger.logging_context=com.google.gerrit.server.logging.LoggingContext#getInstance"
user = root
javaHome = /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-11.0.16.0.8-1.el7_9.x86_64
[index]
type = lucene
[auth]
type = http
gitBasicAuthPolicy = HTTP
[receive]
enableSignedPush = false
[sendemail]
smtpServer = smtp.163.com
smtpUser = XXXXXXXXX@163.com
smtpServerPort = 25
from = XXXXXXXXX@163.com
[sshd]
listenAddress = *:29418
[httpd]
listenUrl = http://192.168.30.8:8081/
[cache]
directory = cache

停止命令:

1
2
$ /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/bin/gerrit.sh stop
Stopping Gerrit Code Review: OK

启动命令:

1
2
$ /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/bin/gerrit.sh start
Starting Gerrit Code Review: OK

重启命令:

1
2
3
$ /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/bin/gerrit.sh restart
Stopping Gerrit Code Review: OK
Starting Gerrit Code Review: OK

设置开机自动启动gerrit:

1
$ sudo ln -snf /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/bin/gerrit.sh  /etc/init.d/gerrit.sh

修改文件 /etc/init.d/gerrit.sh 设置gerrit安装路径GERRIT_SITE:

1
2
3
4
5
6
##################################################
# No GERRIT_SITE yet? We're out of luck!
##################################################
if test -z "$GERRIT_SITE" ; then
GERRIT_SITE="/root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite"
fi

然后执行:

1
2
$ chkconfig --add gerrit.sh
$ chkconfig gerrit.sh on

3. nginx反向代理

编辑nginx配置文件vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,添加如下内容:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/gerrit.access.log;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/gerrit.error.log;
allow all;
deny all;
auth_basic "Welcomme to Gerrit Code Review Site!";
auth_basic_user_file /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/etc/gerrit.password;
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;
}
}

auth_basic_user_file 是用来保存gerrit用户名密码的文件。

重新加载配置:

1
$ systemctl reload nginx.service

4. 创建用户名密码

使用 htpasswd 命令创建用户名密码:

1
2
3
4
5
$ touch /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/etc/gerrit.password
$ htpasswd -c /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/etc/gerrit.password admin
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user admin

5. 启动

重启nginx:

1
2
$ systemctl reload nginx.service
$ systemctl restart nginx.service

重启gerrit:

1
$ /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/bin/gerrit.sh restart

启动成功后,浏览器访问gerrit:http://192.168.30.8/,其中192.168.30.8是我的服务器IP地址。

页面会弹出登录页面,输入创建的管理员用户名密码进行登录。

认证成功后会跳转到gerrit页面

6. 邮箱配置

登录成功后,进入’Settings’ > ‘Email Addresses’ 配置邮箱。

点击 ‘Send verification’ 后设置的邮箱会收到一封认证邮件

访问邮件中的链接(将localhost:8081改为主机地址192.168.30.8)http://192.168.30.8/#/VE/xdQBwdHcOpmrDGWJdqnUIQNqNMTf6F6x9PQQ1A==$MTAwMDAwMDoxMDI4NzQwOTc2QHFxLmNvbQ== 即可认证成功。

用户创建

和前面介绍的创建管理员账户一样,使用htpasswd 命令创建普通用户:

1
2
$ htpasswd -b /root/gerrit/gerrit_testsite/etc/gerrit.password gerrit 123456
Adding password for user gerrit

创建成功后使用用户名密码登录gerrit并配置邮箱即可。

创建项目仓库

主要有四种创建仓库方式:

1、Web页面进入’Browse’ > ‘Repositories’ > ‘CREATE NEW’

创建完成后进行仓库配置:

2、通过gerrit REST API创建

请求接口为 PUT /projects/{project-name},请求次数参考https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/rest-api-projects.html#create-project

3、通过SSH 命令创建

1
ssh -p <port> <host> gerrit create-project { <NAME> }

可用参数选项可参考https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/cmd-create-project.html

4、也可以直接在gerrit服务器上手动创建

具体可参考https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/project-configuration.html#manual_project_creation

Git ssh key配置

开发环境需要安装Git,Windows和Linux系统上Git安装方法可参考Git简易教程-安装及简单使用。gerrit支持HTTP和SSH两种方式克隆项目,本文介绍SSH认证方式的配置方法。

1. 创建 ssh key

这一步目的是在本地(开发电脑)生成用于认证的公钥和私钥。

由于安全原因,GIT 2.33 及之后的版本禁用了 ssh-rsa 公钥签名算法,可使用ed25519算法来生成秘钥:

1
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "123456789@qq.com" # 邮件地址是在gerrit平台上配置的邮箱 

密码不用设置,回车即可:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "123456789@qq.com"
Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/10287/.ssh/id_ed25519):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in id_ed25519
Your public key has been saved in id_ed25519.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:Ufs5p/nzaZ7dKQG8un2IRYkClI+Ro4+oT0f/8cCd+VE 123456789@qq.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ED25519 256]--+
| ..o . |
| * . . |
| . * . + . |
| . . o o * . |
| . + S . * E |
| . o o . . = B |
|. . . . + B = . |
|.. . . *.o =..*|
| .. ..o.o =B+|
+----[SHA256]-----+

执行完成后会在 ~/.ssh 目录下生成id_ed25519(私钥)和 id_ed25519.pub(公钥)这两个秘钥文件。

进入 .ssh 文件夹下,可以看到生成的秘钥文件:

1
2
3
$ cd ~/.ssh # 进入 .ssh 文件夹下
$ ls
id_ed25519 id_ed25519.pub known_hosts

2. gerrit添加公钥

访问gerrit,将生成的公钥添加到Gerrit SSH Keys中。

复制公钥:

1
2
$ cat id_ed25519.pub
ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIPHx9bqXz3Hp9mpz0fC/1IcfkVASqZG6oecab3ItcW8j 123456789@qq.com

登录Gerrit,点击Setting,找到SSH Keys,粘贴复制的公钥,然后点击 ‘Add new SSH key’

3. 生成ppk私钥文件

ppk私钥文件用于使用git GUI 克隆代码时使用的秘钥文件。

进入 ~/.ssh 目录下,复制前面生成的私钥文件 id_ed25519 为后缀为ppk的文件:

1
$ cp id_ed25519 id_ed25519.ppk

打开PuTTYgen工具,点击【load】,加载复制的id_rsa_gerrit.ppk文件

导入成功后,点击【Save private key】保存私钥,可以新创建一个文件或者覆盖原来复制的ppk文件。

4. 添加私钥

打开Pageant工具,加载保存的私钥文件。

拉取项目仓库

公钥和私钥配置完成后,就可以克隆gerrit上的仓库了。登录gerrit,进入要克隆的仓库,选择ssh方式,复制clone命令。

1
$ git clone "ssh://admin@192.168.30.8:29418/gerritDemo" && (cd "gerritDemo" && mkdir -p `git rev-parse --git-dir`/hooks/ && curl -Lo `git rev-parse --git-dir`/hooks/commit-msg http://192.168.30.8:8081/tools/hooks/commit-msg && chmod +x `git rev-parse --git-dir`/hooks/commit-msg)

上面的clone代码执行完成后,仓库 /.git/hooks 目录下面会有一个commit-msg钩子文件。

提交代码

提交示例:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
$ echo test > test.txt
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
test.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
$ git add test.txt
warning: in the working copy of 'test.txt', LF will be replaced by CRLF the next time Git touches it
$ git commit -m "gerrit提交测试"
[master 6e78c4e] gerrit提交测试
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 test.txt

$ git push --progress "origin" master:refs/for/master
Enumerating objects: 4, done.
Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 303 bytes | 303.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Processing changes: refs: 1, new: 1, done
remote:
remote: SUCCESS
remote:
remote: http://192.168.30.8:8081/c/gerritDemo/+/1 gerrit提交测试 [NEW]
remote:
To ssh://192.168.30.8:29418/gerritDemo
* [new reference] master -> refs/for/master

注意:push的远程分支为 refs/for/master,如果使用master分支会直接push到中央仓库,不会到暂存区。

审核代码

push成功后登录gerrit,可以看到刚才的提交

进入此次提交详细页面,可对提交的代码进行评审:

具体操作方法这里不做更多介绍了,可参考官方示例:https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/intro-gerrit-walkthrough.html

评审通过后,点击SUBMIT提交到主仓库。

参考文档

  1. https://www.gerritcodereview.com/
  2. Working with Gerrit: An example (storage.googleapis.com)
  3. How Gerrit Works (storage.googleapis.com)
  4. Quickstart for Installing Gerrit on Linux (storage.googleapis.com)
  5. https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/linux-quickstart.html
  6. https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/install.html
  7. https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/project-configuration.html
  8. https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/project-configuration.html#manual_project_creation
  9. https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/3.7.2/intro-gerrit-walkthrough.html
  10. https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/83890573
  11. https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/dev-plugins.html#_apitype
--THE END--

本文标题:代码评审平台Gerrit安装配置方法介绍

文章作者:hiyo

文章链接:https://hiyongz.github.io/posts/devtest-notes-for-gerrit-install/

许可协议:本博客文章除特别声明外,均采用CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 许可协议。转载请保留原文链接及作者。

关注微信公众号,及时接收最新技术文章!